Sunday, October 31, 2010
Jeffrey Franks sau Merrick Chatfield?
Saturday, October 30, 2010
"Te pregăteşti să fii cel mai bogat din cimitir?"
Thursday, October 28, 2010
Învăţământul privat de artă: Cum? Unde? De ce? De ce nu?
In timpul comunismului, întregul învăţământ practica pedagogia industrială, de tip Pestalozzi, în care se impunea şcolarizarea cât mai multor elevi la un standard mediu. Talentele şi copiii cu aptitudini peste medie erau ignoraţi în perioada gimnazială, dar se puteau dezvolta în paralel la “cercurile” de la “Casa pionierilor”. Nivelul de performanţă atins nu era extraordinar, dar menţinea în “funcţie” talentele cu care erau înzestraţi. Mai târziu, puteau urma cursurile unei facultăţi de specialitate, care aveau întotdeauna cele mai puţine locuri din sistemul de învăţământ.
Era şi bine şi rău. Bine, pentru că induceau un prestigiu uriaş domeniului artistic; rău, pentru că foarte multe talente se pierdeau chiar la examenul de intrare, unde criteriul de bază era acumularea, nu înzestrarea. În mare, lucrurile au rămas neschimbate în sistemul educaţional de stat, fără o compensare pe măsură în cel privat. În aceste condiţii, învăţământul de artă s-a “refugiat”, pe de o parte, în puţinele Universităţi private care au facultăţi sau catedre specifice domeniului amintit, dar, mai ales, în proiectele şi programele câtorva asocialţii şi fundaţii.
Universităţile private: puţină artă şi doar actoricească
Eusebiu Ştefănescu, decanul facultăţii, are două “nedumeriri”. Una este legată de “struţo-cămila” învăţământului de stat, care este garantat în Constituţie ca fiind gratuit, dar şi-a creat extensii de locuri contra cost. Ceea ce lui Eusebiu Ştefănescu i se pare neconstituţional, pe de o parte, şi o formă de concurenţă neloială faţă de facultăţile private pe de altă parte. A doua “nedumerire” (de fapt, supărare de-a dreptul), este aceea că legislaţia impune profesorilor care predau în universităţi să aibă doctoratul în domeniu, ceea ce i se pare o absurditate. “Cum să cer eu Maiei Morgenstern sau lui Damian Crâşmaru să-şi dea doctoratul? N-au destulă autoritate profesională? Care e scopul cursurilor predate? Nu să formeze profesionişti? Eu n-o să fiu niciodată de acord ca actoria sau regia să fie predate de persoane care au doctoratul, dar niciun fel de practică în domeniu”. Interesant e că Eusebiu Ştefănescu este profesor doctor…
Fundaţia Calea Victoriei: artă pentru toţi
Dar ceea ce o delimitează clar de celelalte fundaţii, este faptul că se adresează educaţional exclusiv celor interesaţi de cultura umanistă. “Nu ne adresăm olimpicilor, ci oamenilor normali care doresc să se formeze şi să se iniţieze în domenii concrete din zona ştiinţelor umaniste” – spune Sandra Ecobescu, unul dintre cei trei membri fondatori ai Fundaţiei (ceilalţi doi sunt Neagu Djuvara şi Irina Grigore). “Spre deosebire de educaţia tradiţională, care se concentrează pe colectarea de informaţii, fără a avea ca rezultat un sistem articulat de gândire sau o cultură generală solidă, cursurile noastre pun un accent deosebit asupra creativităţii şi dialogului deschis dintre profesor şi cursant”. În privinţa cursurilor de arte plastice, enumerăm câteva care se desfăşoară hiar în această perioadă: Curs de modelaj pentru copii (din 16 octombrie), Curs de modelaj în lut (din 14 octombrie), Atelier de mozaic (9 octombrie), Atelier de pictură şi creativitate (4 octombrie), Atelier de grafică (23 octombrie), Atelier de dans pentru copii (20 octombrie), Jocul de-a pictorul (30 octombrie) etc.
Fundaţia Dan Voiculescu: educaţie complementară pentru „excelenţi”
Vorbind despre necesitatea unor astfel de programe, în special în rândul tinerilor artişti, psihologul Trisi Nicoleta Cristea, director al Fundaţiei Dan Voiculescu, spune: “Pentru o dezvoltare armonioasă, copiii şi tinerii au nevoie de a acumula cunoştinţele în domenii conexe, complementare, prin programe de dezvoltare a inteligenţei emoţionale, care au rolul de a-i ajuta să se cunoască mai bine şi de a-şi clădi propriul drum, conform nu numai aspiraţiilor, cât şi aptitudinilor personale”. Printre cei mai talentaţi tineri ai Clubului de Excelenţă al Fundaţiei Dan Voiculescu se numără tinerii pictori Radu Chiruţa (18 ani), Miruna Botezan (15 ani), Daniel Nolevschi (17 ani), Mihnea Mihail (14 ani), dar şi supertalentaţii muzicieni Mircea Dumitrescu („Micuţul Paganini”, în vârstă de 12 ani), Andreea Tuduriu (o voce excepţională, care a luat marele premiu la festivalul internaţional “Little Stars”, organizat în Sankt Petersburg, anul acesta (11 ani), Matei Bucur Mihăescu (15 ani, pianist şi compozitor de muzică clasică), Mircea Gogoncea, cel mai premiat elev din România (121 diplome în 7 domenii diferite: Chitară clasică, Matematică, Informatică, Creaţie literară, Teatru, Pictură, Fotografie).
Gifted Education, un concept pentru mase, dar şi pentru supradotaţi
Promotorul educaţiei de excelenţă în România este Prof. Dr. Florian Colceag. În 2004, el a înfiinţat organizaţia IRSCA Gifted Education, care urmăreşte, printre altele, să creeze un mediu armonios pentru dezvoltarea inteligenţelor multiple, a creativităţii umane şi a realizării personale.
„Educaţia de excelenţă este o formă a educaţiei de masă cu programe specifice, orientate spre dezvoltarea abilităţilor tuturor copiilor” – spune Florian Colceag. În 2005, IRSCA Gifted Education a iniţiat şi a fondat EDUGATE – Consorţiul Român pentru Educaţia Copiilor şi Tinerilor Supradotaţi şi Talentaţi. Printre talentele artistice descoperite şi susţinute de IRSCA se numără: Noni Ene (canto clasic), Alexandra Abrudan (violonistă), Ana-Cristina Silvestru (pianistă), Mircea Ştefan Gogoncea (chitară clasică), Monica Hurdubei (pianistă), Maia Ştefana Oprea (pictoriţă, aflată acum în SUA), Ştefan Lucuţ (graphic designer).
Cel mai nou proiect extracurricular al IRSCA (coordonat de Lajos Kristof, un fost copil instituţionalizat, descoperit şi „crescut” de Florian Colceag) este Academia inteligenţelor, care va cuprinde, printre altele: Clubul de teatru (25 de copii), Clubul de dans (40 de copii), Clubul redacţiei revistei ARTES (20 de copii). Tot Lajos Cristoff a organizat anul trecut, în cadrul IRSCA, şi Festivalul Steluţelor...
Se pune totuşi întrebarea: de ce nu se predau artele plastice în liceele sau facultăţile private? E simplu: costurile! Salariile profesorilor sunt deduse din taxele şcolare. Or, disciplinele vocaţionale au avut întotdeauna un număr mai mic de aspiranţi decât celelalte, ceea ce înseamnă că numărul profesorilor tinde să fie egal cu cel al studenţilor. Ceea ce implică nişte taxe enorme şi, evident, tăierea elanului vocaţional. Atât din partea instituţiilor private, cât şi din partea posibililor studenţi..
Autor: Miron Manega
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
William James Sidis, cel mai inteligent om al secolului XX
Parents and upbringing (1898–1909)
William James Sidis was born to Russian-Jewish immigrants on April 1, 1898, in New York City. His father Boris Sidis, Ph.D., M.D., had emigrated in 1887 to escape political persecution. His mother Sarah Mandelbaum Sidis, M.D., and her family had fled the pogroms in 1889. Sarah attended Boston University and graduated from its School of Medicine in 1897.[1] William was named after his godfather, Boris's friend and colleague, the American philosopher William James. Boris earned his degrees at Harvard University, and taught psychology there. He was a psychiatrist, and published numerous books and articles, performing pioneering work in abnormal psychology. Boris was a polyglotand his son William would become one too at a young age.
Sidis's parents believed in nurturing a precocious and fearless love of knowledge, for which they were criticized. Sidis could read the New York Times at 18 months,[2] had reportedly taught himself eight languages (Latin, Greek, French, Russian, German, Hebrew, Turkish, andArmenian) by age eight, and invented another, which he called Vendergood.
Harvard and college life (1909–1915)
Although the University had previously refused to let his father enroll him at age nine because he was still a child, Sidis set a record in 1909 by becoming the youngest person to enroll at Harvard College. He was 11 years old, and entered Harvard as part of a program to enroll gifted students early. The experimental group included mathematician Norbert Wiener, Richard Buckminster Fuller, and composer Roger Sessions[citation needed]. In early 1910, Sidis's mastery of higher mathematics was such that he lectured the Harvard Mathematical Club onfour-dimensional bodies.[3] MIT professor Daniel F. Comstock predicted that Sidis would become a great mathematician and a leader in that science in the future.[4] Sidis began taking a full-time course load in 1910 and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, on June 18, 1914, at age 16.[5]
Shortly after graduation, he told reporters that he wanted to live the perfect life, which to him meant living in seclusion. He granted an interview to a reporter from the Boston Herald. The paper reported Sidis's vows to remain celibate and never to marry, as he said women did not appeal to him. Later he developed a strong affection for a young woman named Martha Foley.[4] He later enrolled at Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
Teaching and further education (1915–1919)
After a group of Harvard students threatened Sidis physically, his parents secured him a job at the William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science, and Art (now Rice University) in Houston, Texas as a mathematics teaching assistant. He arrived at Rice in December 1915 at the age of 17. He was a graduate fellow working toward his doctorate.
Sidis taught three classes: Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, and trigonometry (he wrote a textbook for the Euclidean geometry course in Greek). After less than a year, frustrated with the department, his teaching requirements, and his treatment by students older than him, Sidis left his post and returned to New England. When a friend later asked him why he had left, he replied, "I never knew why they gave me the job in the first place — I'm not much of a teacher. I didn't leave — I was asked to go." Sidis abandoned his pursuit of a graduate degree in mathematics and enrolled at the Harvard Law School in September 1916, but withdrew in good standing in his final year in March 1919.[6]
Politics and arrest (1919–1921)
In 1919, shortly after his withdrawal from law school, Sidis was arrested for participating in a socialist May Day parade in Boston that turned violent. He was sentenced to 18 months in prison under the Sedition Act of 1918. Sidis's arrest featured prominently in newspapers, as his early graduation from Harvard had garnered considerable local celebrity. During the trial, Sidis stated that he had been a conscientious objector of the World War I draft, an atheist,[7] and a socialist.[8] (He later developed his own philosophy of quasi-"libertarianism" based on individual rights and "the American social continuity").[9][10] His father arranged with the district attorney to keep Sidis out of prison before his appeal came to trial; his parents, instead, held him in their sanatorium in New Hampshire for a year. They took him to California, where he spent another year.[11] While at the sanatorium, his parents set about "reforming" him and threatened him with transfer to an insane asylum.[4][11]
Later life (1921–1944)
After returning to the East Coast in 1921, Sidis was determined to live an independent and private life. He only took work running adding machines or other fairly menial tasks. He worked in New York City and became estranged from his parents. It took years before he was cleared legally to return to Massachusetts, and he was concerned about his risk of arrest for years.[4] He collected streetcar transfers, published periodicals, and taught small circles of interested friends his version of American history.
In 1944, Sidis won a settlement from The New Yorker for an article published in 1937. He had alleged it contained many false statements.[12]Under the title "Where Are They Now?", the pseudonymous article described Sidis's life as lonely, in a "hall bedroom in Boston's shabbySouth End".[13] Lower courts had dismissed Sidis as a public figure with no right to challenge personal publicity. He lost an appeal of aninvasion of privacy lawsuit at the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1940 over the same article. Judge Charles Edward Clark expressed sympathy for Sidis — who claimed that the publication had exposed him to "public scorn, ridicule, and contempt" and caused him "grievous mental anguish [and] humiliation" — but found that the court was not disposed to "afford to all the intimate details of private life an absolute immunity from the prying of the press".[13]
Sidis died in 1944 of a cerebral hemorrhage in Boston at the age of 46.[14] His father had died of the same malady in 1923 at age 56.
Publications and subjects of research
From writings on cosmology, to American Indian history, to a comprehensive and definitive taxonomy of vehicle transfers, an equally comprehensive study of civil engineering and vehicles, and several well-substantiated lost texts on anthropology, philology, and transportation systems, Sidis covered a broad range of subjects. Some of his ideas concerned cosmological reversibility,[15] "social continuity,"[16] and individual rights in the United States.[10]
In The Animate and the Inanimate (1925), Sidis predicted the existence of regions of space where the second law of thermodynamicsoperated in reverse to the temporal direction that we experience in our local area. Everything outside of what we would today call a galaxywould be such a region. Sidis claimed that the matter in this region would not generate light. (These dark areas of the universe are not properly dark matter or black holes as they are used in contemporary cosmology.) This work on cosmology, based on his theory of reversibility of the second law of thermodynamics was the only book published under his name.[15]
Sidis's The Tribes and the States (ca. 1935) employs the pseudonym "John W. Shattuck," giving a 100,000-year history of North America's inhabitants, from prehistoric times to 1828.[17] In this text, he suggests that "there were red men at one time in Europe as well as in America."[18]
Sidis was also a "peridromophile," a term he coined for people fascinated with transportation research and streetcar systems. He wrote a treatise on streetcar transfers under the pseudonym of "Frank Folupa" that identified means of increasing public transport usage.[19]
In 1930, Sidis was awarded a patent for a rotary perpetual calendar that took into account leap years.[20] In his adult years, it was estimated that he could speak more than forty languages, and learn a new language in a day.[21]
Vendergood language
Sidis created a constructed language called Vendergood in his second book, entitled Book of Vendergood, which he wrote at the age of eight. The language was mostly based on Latin and Greek, but also drew on German and French and other Romance languages.[22] It distinguished between eight different conjugations: indicative, potential, imperative absolute, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, optative, and Sidis's own strongeable.[citation needed] Vendergood employed a base-12 system of numbers, because, as Sidis explained, "The unit in selling things is 12 of those things [dozens] and 12 is the smallest number that has four factors!"[cite this quote]
Legacy
Abraham Sperling, director of New York City's Aptitude Testing Institute, said after Sidis's death that according to his calculations, Sidis "easily had an IQ between 250 and 300", meaning that at some time his intellectual age was 2.5 to 3 times his actual age. There was no evidence that his intellect had declined in adulthood.[23] Boris Sidis once dismissed tests of intelligence as "silly, pedantic, absurd, and grossly misleading."[24] Sperling commented:
"What the journalists did not report, and perhaps did not know, was that during all the years of his obscure employments he was writing original treatises on history, government, economics and political affairs. In a visit to his mother's home I was permitted to see the contents of a trunkful of original manuscript material that Bill Sidis composed."[25]
Sidis's life and work, particularly his ideas about Native Americans, are extensively discussed in Robert M. Pirsig's book Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991).
Sidis in education discussions
The debate about Sidis's manner of upbringing occurred within a larger discourse about the best way to educate children. Newspapers criticized Boris Sidis's child-rearing methods. Most educators of the day believed that schools should expose children to common experiences to create good citizens. Most psychologists thought intelligence was hereditary — a position that precluded early childhood education at home.[26]
The difficulties Sidis encountered in dealing with the social structure of a collegiate setting may have shaped opinion against allowing such children to rapidly advance through higher education in his day. But research in the intervening decades shows that, for the majority of gifted students, acceleration (including grade skipping) has beneficial effects academically and socially in pre-K through graduate school.[27][dubious – discuss] Research also indicates that a challenging curriculum can relieve social and emotional difficulties commonly experienced by gifted children.[28] Embracing these findings, several colleges now have procedures for early entrance.[29] The Davidson Institute for Talent Development has developed a guidebook on the topic.[30]
Sidis was portrayed derisively in the press of the day. The New York Times, for example, described him as "a wonderfully successful result of a scientific forcing experiment."[31] His mother later noted that newspaper accounts of her son bore little resemblance to him.
Ducit Amor Patriae
Tot ceea ce este necesar ca răul să triumfe este ca oamenii buni să stea cu mâinile în sân. (Edmund Burke)
Încearcă să nu fii un om de succes, ci un om de valoare! (Albert Einstein)
Nu voi fi un om obişnuit pentru că am dreptul să fiu extraordinar. (Peter O`Toole)
Modestia este, faţă de merit, ceea ce este umbra pentru figurile dintr-un tablou: îi dau forţă şi relief. (La Bruyere)
Maestru este numai acela care este dăruit cu harul de a învăţa pe alţii. Cu adevărat maestru este numai cel care, având el însuşi multă bogăţie sufletească, ştie să dea tot, ştiinţă, pricepere şi suflet, fără intenţii preconcepute şi fără să aştepte nimic în schimb. (Octavian Fodor)
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. (Aristotle)